Which type of assessment is described as ongoing data collection to guide instruction?

• A. Formative
• B. Summative
• C. Diagnostic
• D. Placement

Answer: (A)

Formative assessment is ongoing data collection to guide instruction. It involves quick checks, prompts, feedback, and observations during teaching so the teacher can see what students understand or struggle with in real time and adjust lessons, reteach concepts, or tailor practice accordingly. This continuous feedback loop is what lets instruction respond to students’ needs as they learn.

By contrast, summative assessments occur after learning to measure what was achieved and often contribute to a final grade. Diagnostic assessments are used before or early in instruction to uncover specific gaps or misconceptions to plan targeted instruction. Placement assessments determine where a student should start within a program.